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CWS Metallurgy & Material Properties Flashcards

6 cards from real CWS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What is the purpose of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) applied to carbon steel weldments?

    Answer: Reduce residual stresses and improve toughness

    PWHT (stress relief) reduces residual welding stresses, tempers hard HAZ microstructures, and improves toughness and resistance to stress corrosion cracking.

  2. Which mechanical property describes a material's ability to absorb energy and plastically deform before fracturing?

    Answer: Toughness

    Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy during plastic deformation before fracture, measured by Charpy or Izod impact tests.

  3. A supervisor is reviewing a Charpy V-notch impact test report for a structural weld. The test was conducted at -40°F with results of 12, 14, and 11 ft-lbs. If the minimum required is 20 ft-lbs average, what is the disposition?

    Answer: Reject because the average (12.3 ft-lbs) is below the 20 ft-lbs requirement

    The average of 12.3 ft-lbs is below the 20 ft-lbs minimum requirement, so the weld procedure qualification fails Charpy impact requirements and must be rejected.

  4. What effect does increasing heat input during welding have on the heat-affected zone (HAZ)?

    Answer: It widens the HAZ and promotes grain growth

    Higher heat input transfers more thermal energy to the base metal, widening the HAZ and promoting grain growth that can reduce notch toughness.

  5. Duplex stainless steel (e.g., 2205) has a microstructure consisting of what two phases?

    Answer: Austenite and ferrite

    Duplex stainless steels have a mixed austenite/ferrite microstructure (typically 50/50) that provides superior strength and stress corrosion cracking resistance compared to single-phase grades.

  6. Which term describes the temperature range below which a steel transitions from ductile to brittle fracture behavior?

    Answer: Ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT)

    The ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) marks the temperature below which steel fractures in a brittle manner, determined by Charpy impact testing.