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CWS Metallurgy & Material Properties Flashcards

6 cards from real CWS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 CWS Metallurgy & Material Properties flashcards as text

  1. Which type of stainless steel is generally considered non-magnetic and cannot be hardened by heat treatment?

    Answer: Austenitic stainless steel

    Austenitic stainless steels (300 series) have a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure that makes them non-magnetic and not hardenable by heat treatment.

  2. What welding phenomenon is characterized by intergranular cracking in the HAZ of nickel-base alloys during welding?

    Answer: Liquation cracking

    Liquation cracking occurs in the partially-melted zone (PMZ) of the HAZ when low-melting-point constituents at grain boundaries liquefy during welding.

  3. A CWS supervisor is working with ASTM A36 and A514 steel in the same structure. What is the correct filler metal selection for a critical joint between these two steels?

    Answer: Match the weaker A36 steel

    When joining dissimilar strength steels, the filler metal should match the lower-strength base metal (A36) to maintain joint ductility and avoid cracking.

  4. What is 'lamellar tearing' and in what base metal orientation does it most commonly occur?

    Answer: Subsurface cracking from through-thickness stress on plate with low short-transverse ductility; occurs in the Z-direction

    Lamellar tearing is subsurface cracking caused by through-thickness (Z-direction) tensile stress in rolled plate with non-metallic inclusions aligned parallel to the surface.

  5. What does a high carbon equivalent (CE > 0.45) indicate about a steel's weldability?

    Answer: Increased susceptibility to hydrogen-induced cold cracking, requiring preheat

    A carbon equivalent above 0.45 indicates the steel will harden significantly in the HAZ, making it susceptible to hydrogen-induced cold cracking and requiring preheat.

  6. Which welding process is most commonly associated with hydrogen-induced cracking due to inherent hydrogen sources in the consumables?

    Answer: SMAW with cellulosic (EXX10) electrodes

    Cellulosic SMAW electrodes (EXX10) have high cellulose content that produces significant hydrogen, making HICC a major concern when used on hardenable steels.