Echocardiography Techniques Flashcards
7 cards from real CVT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Echocardiography Techniques flashcards as text
In three-dimensional echocardiography, which parameter for mitral valve assessment is uniquely provided compared to 2D imaging?
Answer: True anatomic mitral valve area by planimetry without geometric assumptions
3D echo allows direct planimetry of the mitral orifice in the exact plane of the valve without relying on geometric assumptions required by 2D methods.
Which Doppler-derived index estimates right atrial pressure when combined with inferior vena cava size and collapsibility?
Answer: IVC diameter and respiratory collapse percentage
ASE guidelines use IVC diameter (≥2.1 cm) and collapsibility (<50% with sniff) to estimate right atrial pressure of 15 mmHg versus ≤5 mmHg.
A patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) will most likely show which color Doppler finding in the left ventricular outflow tract?
Answer: Mosaic turbulent flow beginning in mid-systole due to dynamic obstruction
Dynamic LVOT obstruction in HOCM produces turbulent mosaic color flow that begins in mid-systole when the hypertrophied septum and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve narrow the outflow tract.
Which imaging plane in parasternal short-axis view allows measurement of the aortic valve area by direct planimetry?
Answer: Aortic valve level
Planimetry of the aortic valve orifice is performed in the parasternal short-axis view at the level of the aortic valve leaflets.
What does a deceleration time (DT) of less than 150 ms on mitral inflow Doppler indicate in the clinical context of diastolic dysfunction?
Answer: Restrictive filling pattern with elevated filling pressures
A shortened deceleration time < 150 ms reflects rapid equalization of LA-LV pressures, characteristic of a restrictive filling pattern indicating severely elevated filling pressures.
During a bubble (agitated saline) contrast study, appearance of bubbles in the left heart within 3 cardiac cycles after injection into a peripheral vein is most consistent with which diagnosis?
Answer: Right-to-left intracardiac shunt such as patent foramen ovale
Bubbles crossing to the left heart within 3 cycles indicate a right-to-left shunt at the atrial level, most commonly a patent foramen ovale.
Which echocardiographic criterion is used to define severe tricuspid regurgitation by jet area on color Doppler?
Answer: Regurgitant jet area > 10 cm² or jet reaching the posterior right atrial wall
Severe TR by color Doppler is characterized by a large jet area > 10 cm² or a jet that reaches the posterior right atrial wall, indicating significant regurgitant volume.