Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
7 cards from real CVT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology flashcards as text
The ligamentum arteriosum is the remnant of which fetal structure?
Answer: Ductus arteriosus
The ligamentum arteriosum is the fibrous remnant of the ductus arteriosus, which connected the pulmonary artery to the aorta in fetal circulation.
Which portion of the aorta gives rise to the right and left coronary arteries?
Answer: Aortic sinuses of Valsalva
The coronary arteries originate from the left and right aortic sinuses (sinuses of Valsalva) just above the aortic valve cusps.
Afterload is best described as which of the following?
Answer: Force the ventricle must overcome to eject blood
Afterload is the resistance or impedance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood, largely determined by systemic vascular resistance.
Which structure separates the left and right atria in the adult heart?
Answer: Interatrial septum
The interatrial septum divides the left and right atria; the fossa ovalis is a depression on its right side representing the closed foramen ovale.
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is calculated as:
Answer: SV / EDV × 100
LVEF = (stroke volume / end-diastolic volume) × 100, where stroke volume = EDV − ESV; normal is ≥55%.
The S2 heart sound (dub) is produced by the closure of which valves?
Answer: Aortic and pulmonic valves
S2 is generated by closure of the aortic and pulmonic (semilunar) valves at the beginning of diastole.
The moderator band (septomarginal trabecula) is a muscular structure found in which chamber?
Answer: Right ventricle
The moderator band crosses the right ventricular cavity and carries part of the right bundle branch to the anterior papillary muscle.