Science Concepts Flashcards
6 cards from real CTBS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Science Concepts flashcards as text
A roller coaster car is stopped at the very peak of its highest hill. Which statement best describes the energy of the car at this moment?
Answer: It has maximum potential energy and minimum kinetic energy.
Potential energy is stored energy due to an object's position. At the highest point, the car has the most stored energy (maximum potential). Since it is stopped, its energy of motion (kinetic energy) is at a minimum.
In a forest ecosystem, which of the following is an example of a producer?
Answer: An oak tree using sunlight to make its own food.
Producers, also called autotrophs, are organisms that create their own food, typically through photosynthesis. An oak tree is a plant that uses sunlight for this process. A deer and a wolf are consumers, and a mushroom is a decomposer.
What is the process by which water vapor in the atmosphere cools and turns back into liquid water, forming clouds?
Answer: Condensation
Condensation is the phase change of water from a gas (vapor) to a liquid. This process is responsible for the formation of clouds. Evaporation is liquid to gas, precipitation is water falling from clouds, and transpiration is water movement through a plant and its evaporation from leaves.
A student observes several changes in a science lab. Which of the following observations describes a chemical change?
Answer: A piece of wood burns and turns into ash.
A chemical change results in the formation of a new substance with different properties. Burning wood (combustion) creates new substances like ash and smoke. Melting, shattering, and dissolving are all physical changes because the original substance is still present, just in a different form or state.
Hereditary information that is passed from one generation to the next is carried by which structures found within the nucleus of a cell?
Answer: Chromosomes
Chromosomes are thread-like structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA, which contains the genetic instructions for an organism. They are located inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Which of the following best describes how an igneous rock is formed?
Answer: From the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma below the surface or lava above the surface) cools and hardens. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the compaction of sediment, and metamorphic rocks are formed by applying heat and pressure to existing rock.