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IP Networking & Telecommunications Protocols Flashcards

6 cards from real CTA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What is the primary purpose of BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) in telecommunications networks?

    Answer: To exchange routing information between autonomous systems (ASes) on the internet

    BGP is the exterior gateway protocol that enables different autonomous systems (ISPs, enterprises) to exchange reachability information and route traffic across the internet.

  2. In MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching), what is the role of the Label Edge Router (LER)?

    Answer: To impose (add) or pop (remove) MPLS labels at the edge of the MPLS domain

    Label Edge Routers at the ingress impose MPLS labels on incoming packets and at the egress pop labels before forwarding to the destination network.

  3. What does QoS (Quality of Service) DSCP marking accomplish in IP networks?

    Answer: It marks packets with a priority value in the IP header so network devices can provide differentiated treatment (e.g., lower latency for voice)

    DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) bits in the IP header allow routers to classify and prioritize traffic, ensuring voice and video get lower latency than bulk data.

  4. What is the function of SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) in VoIP telecommunications?

    Answer: SIP establishes, modifies, and terminates multimedia sessions such as voice and video calls

    SIP is a signaling protocol that sets up, manages, and tears down voice/video sessions, while the actual media is carried separately by RTP.

  5. What is the purpose of NAT (Network Address Translation) in telecommunications networks?

    Answer: To map multiple private IP addresses to one or more public IP addresses, conserving the public IPv4 address space

    NAT allows many devices with private IP addresses (RFC 1918) to share a single public IP address, which has been essential for managing IPv4 address exhaustion.

  6. Which protocol is used by internet service providers to assign IP addresses dynamically to customers' devices?

    Answer: DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

    DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS server addresses to devices when they join a network.