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IP Networking & Telecommunications Protocols Flashcards

6 cards from real CTA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What is the difference between Class of Service (CoS) and Quality of Service (QoS) in network terminology?

    Answer: CoS provides a binary (high/low) priority marking at Layer 2; QoS encompasses a broader set of techniques at multiple layers for traffic management

    CoS typically refers to the 3-bit priority field in the 802.1Q VLAN tag (Layer 2 marking), while QoS is a broader framework including classification, marking, queuing, and policing at multiple protocol layers.

  2. What is the primary function of SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) in telecommunications?

    Answer: To monitor and manage network devices by collecting performance data, configuration, and fault information

    SNMP allows network management systems (NMS) to poll or receive traps from routers, switches, and other devices to monitor performance, detect faults, and manage configuration.

  3. What is 'peering' in the context of internet exchange and carrier interconnection?

    Answer: A bilateral agreement between networks to exchange traffic directly without paying a transit provider, typically at an Internet Exchange Point (IXP)

    Network peering allows two ASes to exchange traffic destined for each other's customers at no per-traffic charge, reducing transit costs and improving latency.

  4. In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control?

    Answer: Layer 4 – Transport

    The Transport Layer (Layer 4) provides end-to-end reliability (TCP), flow control, and error recovery between communicating hosts.

  5. What does MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE) enable that standard IP routing cannot easily accomplish?

    Answer: Explicit path control for traffic flows, allowing network operators to route traffic over specific paths independent of the IGP's shortest-path decision

    MPLS TE uses RSVP-TE or OSPF-TE to establish label-switched paths (LSPs) along explicitly defined routes, enabling traffic to avoid congested links even when they are the shortest IGP path.

  6. What is the ITU-T G.711 codec and where is it most commonly used?

    Answer: A 64 kbps PCM audio codec used as the standard voice codec in PSTN and VoIP networks

    G.711 encodes voice at 64 kbps using PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) and is the baseline codec for PSTN voice calls and VoIP toll-quality audio.