Anesthesia & Surgical Positioning Flashcards

Which type of anesthesia blocks nerve transmission in a specific region of the body without causing loss of consciousness?

Answer: Regional anesthesia

Regional anesthesia blocks nerve impulses in a targeted area, allowing the patient to remain awake while the surgical site is numbed.

Which dissociative anesthetic agent produces a trance-like state and profound analgesia while maintaining airway reflexes?

Answer: Ketamine

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that provides analgesia and sedation while typically preserving airway reflexes and spontaneous breathing.

What does an ASA Physical Status Classification of I indicate?

Answer: A normal, healthy patient with no systemic disease

ASA I denotes a normal, healthy patient with no organic, physiologic, or psychiatric disturbance.

Which monitoring device measures the depth of anesthesia by analyzing brain electrical activity?

Answer: Bispectral Index (BIS) monitor

The Bispectral Index (BIS) monitor processes EEG signals and produces a numerical value (0–100) that reflects anesthetic depth.

Malignant hyperthermia is most commonly triggered by which combination of agents?

Answer: Succinylcholine and volatile halogenated agents

Malignant hyperthermia is a pharmacogenetic disorder triggered by succinylcholine and volatile inhalation agents such as sevoflurane or desflurane in susceptible individuals.

What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for malignant hyperthermia?

Answer: Dantrolene sodium

Dantrolene sodium inhibits calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, directly treating the hypermetabolic crisis of malignant hyperthermia.

Which anesthetic technique involves injection of local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space to produce sensory and motor block?

Answer: Spinal (intrathecal) anesthesia

Spinal anesthesia delivers local anesthetic directly into the cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space, producing rapid and dense block.