Anatomy & Physiology for Surgery Flashcards

Which segment of the nephron is primarily responsible for concentrating urine by reabsorbing water without solutes?

Answer: Collecting duct

The collecting duct reabsorbs water in response to ADH (antidiuretic hormone), concentrating the final urine.

A patient requires a splenectomy. Which ligament must be divided to mobilize the spleen?

Answer: Splenorenal ligament

The splenorenal (lienorenal) ligament connects the spleen to the left kidney and contains the splenic vessels; dividing it is key to splenectomy.

Which muscle forms the floor of the femoral triangle and contains the iliopsoas groove?

Answer: Iliopsoas

The iliopsoas muscle, along with the pectineus medially, forms the floor of the femoral triangle.

What is the name of the tough fibrous layer covering individual muscles?

Answer: Epimysium

The epimysium is the dense connective tissue sheath that surrounds the entire muscle belly.

Which plexus provides innervation to the diaphragm via the phrenic nerve?

Answer: Cervical plexus

The phrenic nerve arises from the cervical plexus (C3, C4, C5) and is the sole motor nerve of the diaphragm.

During a whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy), which four structures are typically resected?

Answer: Head of pancreas, duodenum, gallbladder, and distal stomach

The classic Whipple procedure removes the pancreatic head, entire duodenum, gallbladder, common bile duct, and often the distal stomach.

Which anatomical space is entered during a lumbar laminectomy?

Answer: Epidural space

Lumbar laminectomy removes the lamina to access the epidural space and decompress the spinal cord or nerve roots.