Anatomy & Physiology for Surgery Flashcards

What is the name of the fibrous sac that surrounds the heart?

Answer: Pericardium

The pericardium is the double-walled fibroserous sac enclosing the heart, consisting of the fibrous and serous layers.

Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone resorption?

Answer: Osteoclast

Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that resorb bone matrix by secreting acids and proteolytic enzymes.

A patient is undergoing a prostatectomy. Which structure must the surgeon carefully avoid to preserve urinary continence?

Answer: External urethral sphincter

The external urethral sphincter (rhabdosphincter) provides voluntary continence control and must be preserved during prostatectomy.

Which cranial nerve is tested when assessing the gag reflex?

Answer: CN IX and CN X

The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) provides afferent sensation and the vagus nerve (CN X) provides efferent motor response for the gag reflex.

The femoral triangle is bounded by the inguinal ligament superiorly, sartorius laterally, and which muscle medially?

Answer: Adductor longus

The medial border of the femoral triangle is formed by the medial margin of the adductor longus muscle.

Which lobe of the liver is located between the gallbladder fossa and the fissure for the ligamentum teres?

Answer: Quadrate lobe

The quadrate lobe is an inferior segment bounded by the gallbladder fossa on the right and the fissure for the ligamentum teres on the left.

During a hip arthroplasty, excessive internal rotation can damage which artery and compromise femoral head blood supply?

Answer: Medial circumflex femoral artery

The medial circumflex femoral artery is the primary blood supply to the femoral head; excessive internal rotation or neck fracture can disrupt it.