Hydration Strategies Flashcards

Which fluid is most effective for rapid rehydration after a 90-minute soccer match where ~2% body weight was lost?

Answer: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) with sodium and glucose at 150% of losses

An ORS providing sodium and glucose at 150% of fluid losses accelerates rehydration by retaining more fluid and replacing electrolytes.

During a 4-hour ultramarathon, an athlete's serum sodium drops to 128 mEq/L with no symptoms. According to current guidelines, what is the appropriate intervention?

Answer: Fluid restriction and sodium-rich foods until symptoms resolve or sodium normalizes

Asymptomatic EAH is managed conservatively with fluid restriction and sodium replacement; IV fluids are reserved for symptomatic cases with altered mental status.

Which hormone plays the primary role in regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys during exercise-induced dehydration?

Answer: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH/vasopressin)

ADH is released from the posterior pituitary in response to increased plasma osmolality, promoting water reabsorption in the collecting ducts.

A CSSD recommends glycerol hyperhydration to a cyclist before a 3-hour road race in the heat. What is the primary physiological rationale?

Answer: Glycerol acts as an osmotic agent, expanding plasma and total body water

Glycerol is an osmotically active substance that, when co-ingested with fluid, promotes water retention and expands plasma volume before exercise.

How should a CSSD calculate an athlete's individualized fluid intake target during exercise?

Answer: Based on sweat rate testing: fluid intake ≈ sweat rate − acceptable deficit (no more than 2% BW)

Individualized fluid targets are based on measured sweat rate, with intake adjusted to prevent losses exceeding 2% body weight while avoiding overdrinking.

Which scenario represents the greatest risk for exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH)?

Answer: A 55 kg female completing a 6-hour triathlon, drinking 1 L/hour of plain water

Smaller body mass, prolonged duration, and high intake of hypotonic fluid dramatically increase EAH risk in this scenario.

Compared to water, what advantage does low-fat chocolate milk offer for post-exercise rehydration?

Answer: Combined protein, carbohydrate, sodium, and fluid promote rehydration and muscle repair simultaneously

Chocolate milk provides carbohydrate for glycogen resynthesis, protein for muscle repair, and sodium/fluid for rehydration, making it a multi-purpose recovery beverage.