Risk Assessment & Mitigation Flashcards
7 cards from real CSR practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Risk Assessment & Mitigation flashcards as text
A renal transplant recipient 6 months post-transplant has a BMI of 31 and fasting glucose of 118 mg/dL. Which post-transplant risk does this clinical picture most suggest?
Answer: New-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT)
Weight gain, hyperglycemia, and the immunosuppressive regimen (especially tacrolimus and corticosteroids) place transplant recipients at high risk for NODAT, which worsens graft outcomes.
Which dietary pattern poses the greatest acute hyperkalemia risk for a hemodialysis patient who misses a dialysis session?
Answer: Consumption of salt substitutes containing potassium chloride
Salt substitutes replace sodium with potassium chloride and can deliver a large acute potassium load, critically dangerous if a dialysis session is missed.
A CKD patient's serum bicarbonate is 18 mEq/L on repeat labs. Which nutritional risk is most directly associated with chronic metabolic acidosis in CKD?
Answer: Protein catabolism and accelerated muscle wasting
Chronic metabolic acidosis in CKD activates protein catabolism pathways, worsening protein-energy wasting and accelerating muscle loss.
A dietitian reviews labs for a CKD patient taking herbal supplements. Elevated serum potassium with no dietary explanation is found. Which supplement class poses the greatest hyperkalemia risk?
Answer: Aloe vera and dandelion root
Aloe vera and dandelion are naturally high in potassium and are commonly used herbal remedies that significantly raise potassium intake in CKD patients.
Which anthropometric measurement is considered most reliable for assessing body composition and nutritional risk in ESRD patients who have significant fluid overload?
Answer: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) performed post-dialysis
BIA performed immediately post-dialysis provides the most accurate body composition data because fluid status is closest to dry weight, minimizing hydration interference.
A patient with nephrotic syndrome and serum albumin of 2.1 g/dL is at elevated risk for which specific nutritional complication?
Answer: Fat-soluble vitamin and zinc deficiency due to urinary protein losses
Nephrotic syndrome causes massive urinary losses of carrier proteins, leading to deficiencies in zinc, copper, and fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin D that are protein-bound.
When identifying nutritional risk in CKD patients, which combination of lab values is most consistent with protein-energy wasting (PEW)?
Answer: Low albumin, low prealbumin, low serum creatinine
PEW is characterized by low albumin, low prealbumin, and paradoxically low serum creatinine due to reduced muscle mass and protein intake in CKD.