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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Renal Conditions Flashcards

7 cards from real CSR practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Renal Conditions flashcards as text

  1. A CKD stage 3b patient with metabolic acidosis has a serum bicarbonate of 19 mEq/L. Which dietary approach can help correct this?

    Answer: Increase intake of fruits and vegetables to provide alkali

    Fruits and vegetables have an alkaline ash effect and can increase serum bicarbonate, helping correct metabolic acidosis in CKD.

  2. Which form of vitamin D requires activation by the kidney and is therefore deficient in patients with advanced CKD?

    Answer: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol)

    The kidney converts 25-OH vitamin D to the active form calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), which is deficient when renal function is impaired.

  3. A hemodialysis patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism has elevated PTH, normal calcium, and elevated phosphorus. What is the most appropriate initial nutritional intervention?

    Answer: Reduce dietary phosphorus and review phosphate binder adherence

    Elevated phosphorus drives secondary HPT, so reducing dietary phosphorus and optimizing binder adherence is the priority nutritional intervention.

  4. A CKD patient taking calcium carbonate as a phosphate binder is found to have hypercalcemia. What dietary counseling change is most appropriate?

    Answer: Limit calcium-rich foods and discuss non-calcium binder alternatives with the care team

    Hypercalcemia in a patient on calcium-based binders warrants limiting high-calcium foods and flagging the need for non-calcium binder consideration.

  5. Which biomarker is the BEST indicator of long-term protein-energy nutritional status in a hemodialysis patient, given its long half-life?

    Answer: Serum albumin

    Serum albumin, with a half-life of about 20 days, reflects long-term nutritional status and remains the most widely used marker in dialysis patients.

  6. A peritoneal dialysis patient has a PET (peritoneal equilibration test) showing high transport. How does this affect nutritional needs?

    Answer: Greater glucose absorption occurs, increasing risk of hyperglycemia and obesity

    High transporters absorb more glucose from the dialysate, increasing caloric intake and risk of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and weight gain.

  7. What is the recommended daily fluid allowance calculation typically used for anuric hemodialysis patients?

    Answer: 500–750 mL/day plus any measured urine output

    Fluid is typically restricted to 500–750 mL/day (insensible losses) plus any residual urine output in anuric HD patients.