Medical Nutrition Therapy for Renal Conditions Flashcards
7 cards from real CSR practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Renal Conditions flashcards as text
A patient with CKD stage 4 has a serum phosphorus of 6.2 mg/dL. Which dietary strategy should be prioritized FIRST before initiating phosphate binders?
Answer: Restrict dietary phosphorus to 800–1000 mg/day
Dietary phosphorus restriction to 800–1000 mg/day is the first-line intervention before adding phosphate binders.
Which type of dietary phosphorus is absorbed most efficiently in the gastrointestinal tract?
Answer: Inorganic phosphorus from food additives
Inorganic phosphorus from food additives is nearly 100% absorbed, making it the most bioavailable form.
A hemodialysis patient is consistently hyperkalemic. Which cooking method is most effective for reducing potassium content in vegetables?
Answer: Leaching by peeling, soaking in water, and boiling in fresh water
Leaching—peeling, soaking, and boiling in fresh water—removes the greatest amount of potassium from vegetables.
An ESRD patient on peritoneal dialysis is gaining weight and has elevated blood glucose. What is the PRIMARY source of extra calories causing these issues?
Answer: Glucose absorption from peritoneal dialysate
PD patients absorb a significant amount of glucose from the dextrose-containing dialysate, contributing to weight gain and hyperglycemia.
Which vitamin supplement is routinely recommended for dialysis patients due to losses during treatment?
Answer: Water-soluble B vitamins and vitamin C at renal doses
Water-soluble B vitamins and vitamin C (limited to ≤100 mg/day in renal patients) are lost during dialysis and require supplementation.
A renal transplant patient at 6 months post-transplant presents with weight gain and hyperlipidemia. Which dietary modification is most appropriate?
Answer: Implement a heart-healthy diet with reduced saturated fat and refined sugars
Post-transplant, immunosuppressive medications increase cardiovascular risk, making a heart-healthy diet the priority over strict mineral restrictions.
In a patient with nephrotic syndrome and significant proteinuria, what is the recommended protein intake per current guidelines?
Answer: 0.8 g/kg/day plus a gram per gram of urinary protein lost
Current guidelines recommend 0.8 g/kg/day plus replacement of urinary protein losses (1 g dietary protein per gram proteinuria) in nephrotic syndrome.