Nutritional Care & Intervention Flashcards

A 7-year-old with Type 1 diabetes uses carbohydrate counting. Which statement best describes the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio?

Answer: It is individualized and may differ by time of day based on insulin sensitivity

Insulin-to-carbohydrate ratios are individualized and often vary across the day due to diurnal changes in insulin sensitivity, requiring regular reassessment.

A dietitian notes that a 2-year-old's diet consists primarily of milk (>32 oz/day) with minimal solid food intake. What nutritional deficiency is of primary concern?

Answer: Iron deficiency

Excessive cow's milk intake displaces iron-rich foods and cow's milk is a poor iron source, leading to iron deficiency anemia, often called 'milk anemia.'

Which enteral formula characteristic is most appropriate for an 18-month-old infant with chronic renal failure not yet on dialysis?

Answer: High calorie, low protein, low electrolyte formula

Children with chronic renal failure require high-calorie formulas with controlled protein, potassium, and phosphorus to support growth while minimizing uremic waste accumulation.

A 5-year-old is prescribed a FODMAP elimination diet for functional abdominal pain. After the elimination phase, what is the recommended next step?

Answer: Reintroduce FODMAPs systematically to identify specific triggers

After symptom improvement during elimination, systematic FODMAP reintroduction is essential to identify individual trigger foods and allow the most liberalized diet possible.

When counseling parents of a 12-month-old about transitioning to whole cow's milk, which statement is accurate?

Answer: Whole cow's milk is appropriate and supports brain development with fat content

Whole cow's milk is recommended from 12-24 months because its fat content supports rapid brain myelination and fat-soluble vitamin absorption during this critical developmental period.

A 16-year-old with obesity undergoes bariatric surgery. Which nutritional deficiency requires lifelong supplementation monitoring post-surgery?

Answer: Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 absorption is significantly impaired after bariatric surgery due to reduced intrinsic factor production and gastric acid, requiring lifelong monitoring and supplementation.

A pediatric dietitian is developing a nutrition care plan for a child with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 requiring gastrostomy tube feeds. What is the key consideration in estimating energy needs?

Answer: Energy needs are significantly lower than age-matched peers due to reduced muscle mass and activity

Children with SMA type 1 have markedly reduced muscle mass and minimal activity, resulting in energy needs that are substantially lower than standard pediatric equations predict, and overfeeding is a common error.