Sociological Theory & Frameworks Flashcards

Who is known as the father of sociology?

Answer: Auguste Comte

Auguste Comte is widely recognized as the 'father of sociology' because he coined the term 'sociology' in 1838 and advocated for a scientific study of society. He proposed positivism, a philosophical system that applies scientific methods to understand social phenomena. His work laid the foundational intellectual framework for the discipline.

What does functionalism focus on?

Answer: Society’s stability and function

Functionalism is a macro-level sociological perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. It focuses on how social institutions and structures contribute to the overall functioning and equilibrium of society. Each part plays a role in maintaining the social order.

Which theory emphasizes class struggle and economic factors?

Answer: Conflict Theory

Conflict Theory, largely influenced by Karl Marx, emphasizes the role of power, inequality, and social class in shaping society. It posits that society is characterized by competition for limited resources, leading to inherent conflicts between different groups. This perspective highlights how economic factors and class struggles drive social change.

What is symbolic interactionism?

Answer: Focus on social meanings

Symbolic Interactionism is a micro-level sociological theory that focuses on how individuals interact with one another through shared symbols and language. It examines how people create, interpret, and negotiate meaning in their daily interactions. This perspective highlights that society is a product of these ongoing, meaningful interactions.

Which sociologist developed the concept of the 'social fact'?

Answer: Emile Durkheim

Emile Durkheim, a foundational figure in sociology, developed the concept of the 'social fact.' Social facts are external to individuals but exert coercive power over them, influencing their behavior, thoughts, and feelings. Examples include laws, morals, values, and customs, which shape individual actions within a society.

What does feminist theory primarily examine?

Answer: Gender inequality

Feminist theory is a major sociological perspective that critically examines social structures and power relations from the perspective of gender. It primarily focuses on understanding, explaining, and challenging gender inequality, patriarchy, and the social construction of gender roles in society. This theory seeks to promote social justice and equality for all genders.

Which approach focuses on the subjective experience of individuals?

Answer: Interpretive sociology

Interpretive sociology, largely associated with Max Weber, emphasizes understanding the subjective meanings that individuals attach to their actions and social world. It seeks to comprehend social phenomena from the perspective of those experiencing them. This approach focuses on qualitative methods to uncover these deeper meanings and motivations.

What is the main focus of macrosociology?

Answer: Large social systems

Macrosociology is a broad approach within sociology that analyzes large-scale social structures, systems, and populations. It examines how social institutions, social classes, and other large groups influence the lives of individuals and the overall functioning of society. This perspective helps understand widespread social patterns and trends.

Who introduced the idea of verstehen (interpretive understanding)?

Answer: Max Weber

Max Weber introduced the concept of 'verstehen,' which means 'interpretive understanding' or 'empathetic understanding.' He argued that sociologists must strive to understand the subjective meanings and motivations behind human actions. This approach allows researchers to truly grasp social phenomena from the perspective of those involved, going beyond mere observation.