CSL CSL International Cybersecurity Law

Question 1

Which international treaty, opened for signature in 2001, is the primary multilateral agreement on cybercrime harmonization?

Accepted Answer

Budapest Convention on Cybercrime

Answer

UN Convention on Cybercrime

Answer

Tallinn Manual Framework

Answer

G20 Digital Economy Agreement

Question 2

What mechanism does the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provide for lawfully transferring personal data to the United States?

Accepted Answer

Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) and the EU-US Data Privacy Framework

Answer

The EU-US Safe Harbor Framework (still in effect)

Answer

GDPR Article 6 legitimate interests only

Answer

UN data transfer protocols

Question 3

Under GDPR, what is the maximum fine for the most serious violations of data protection obligations?

Accepted Answer

€20 million or 4% of global annual turnover

Answer

€10 million or 2% of global annual turnover

Answer

€50 million or 10% of global annual turnover

Answer

Unlimited fines at member state discretion

Question 4

The Tallinn Manual, published by NATO's CCDCOE, addresses which aspect of international law as applied to cyberspace?

Accepted Answer

International law applicable to cyber warfare and state-sponsored attacks

Answer

International human rights law in cyber operations

Answer

EU cybersecurity regulatory standards

Answer

Mutual legal assistance treaty (MLAT) procedures

Question 5

Which principle of international law determines which country's laws apply when a cyberattack originates in one country but causes harm in another?

Accepted Answer

Effects-based jurisdiction

Answer

Sovereignty principle

Answer

Territoriality principle

Answer

Nationality principle

Question 6

What is the primary legal challenge in attributing state responsibility for cyberattacks under international law?

Accepted Answer

The requirement to prove that the state 'directed or controlled' the specific operation

Answer

Cyberattacks never reach the threshold for state responsibility

Answer

International law does not recognize cyber operations as state acts

Answer

MLAT treaties prevent attribution claims