Statistical Methods Flashcards
7 cards from real CQIA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Statistical Methods flashcards as text
What is the primary purpose of a measurement system analysis (MSA) or gauge R&R study?
Answer: To evaluate the accuracy and precision of a measurement system
MSA/Gauge R&R quantifies how much of the observed variation comes from the measurement system itself versus the process.
If a process has Cp = 1.5 and Cpk = 0.8, which conclusion is most accurate?
Answer: The process is capable but not centered within specifications
Cp > 1 means the spread fits within specs, but Cpk < 1 means the process is shifted off-center toward a spec limit.
Which of the following statements about the median is correct?
Answer: It divides the dataset into two equal halves
The median is the middle value when data is sorted, dividing the distribution into two equal halves.
In hypothesis testing, the p-value represents:
Answer: The probability of observing the data if the null hypothesis were true
The p-value is the probability of getting results at least as extreme as observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
Which of the following sampling methods ensures every possible sample of a given size has an equal chance of selection?
Answer: Simple random sampling
Simple random sampling gives every possible combination of units an equal probability of being selected.
On a control chart, which of the following indicates a process is out of statistical control?
Answer: A point beyond the upper control limit
A point beyond a control limit is a signal of special cause variation, indicating the process is out of control.
The mode of a dataset is best described as:
Answer: The value that appears most frequently
The mode is the value (or values) that occur most often in a dataset, useful for categorical and discrete data.