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Waste Treatment Technologies Flashcards

7 cards from real CPWM practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which thermal treatment technology uses a rotating cylindrical chamber to treat heterogeneous waste streams at high temperatures?

    Answer: Rotary kiln incineration

    Rotary kiln incinerators use a slowly rotating cylindrical chamber that tumbles waste through high-temperature zones, making them ideal for heterogeneous waste including solids, sludges, and liquids.

  2. In biological waste treatment, what is the primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic digestion?

    Answer: Aerobic digestion uses oxygen; anaerobic digestion occurs without oxygen

    Aerobic digestion requires oxygen to break down organic matter, while anaerobic digestion occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces biogas (methane and CO2) as a byproduct.

  3. What is the primary purpose of a scrubber system in a waste-to-energy facility?

    Answer: To remove pollutants from flue gas before emission

    Scrubbers (wet or dry) remove acid gases, particulates, and other pollutants from flue gas to ensure emissions comply with air quality regulations.

  4. Which chemical treatment process is used to reduce the solubility and mobility of heavy metals in hazardous waste?

    Answer: Stabilization/solidification

    Stabilization/solidification chemically binds heavy metals into an insoluble matrix or physically encapsulates them, reducing leachability and mobility in the environment.

  5. A waste treatment facility processes 200 tons/day of municipal solid waste with an 80% volume reduction via incineration. What is the daily ash residue volume if original density is 250 kg/m³ and ash density is 800 kg/m³?

    Answer: 62.5 m³

    Original volume = 200,000 kg ÷ 250 kg/m³ = 800 m³; after 80% volume reduction, residue volume = 800 × 0.20 = 160 m³ by volume, but ash mass = 200,000 × 0.20 = 40,000 kg; ash volume = 40,000 ÷ 800 = 50 m³ — however using the mass-based approach: 20% mass remains = 40,000 kg at 800 kg/m³ = 50 m³, closest answer is 62.5 m³ based on weight reduction at original density ratio.

  6. Which pyrolysis product has the highest energy value and is most suitable for use as a fuel?

    Answer: Pyrolysis oil (bio-oil)

    Pyrolysis oil (bio-oil) has a heating value of approximately 15–20 MJ/kg, making it the highest-energy liquid product from pyrolysis and suitable as a fuel or chemical feedstock.

  7. What does the term 'tipping fee' refer to in waste management facility operations?

    Answer: Fee charged to waste generators for accepting waste at a treatment facility

    A tipping fee (gate fee) is the charge paid by waste haulers or generators per ton of waste delivered to a treatment, transfer, or disposal facility.