Research Methods & Evidence-Based Practice Flashcards

A tutor selects only students from their own caseload for a study on study skills. This sampling method is called:

Answer: Convenience sampling

Convenience sampling selects participants who are readily available, which may limit generalizability.

Which statistical measure is most resistant to the influence of extreme outliers in a dataset?

Answer: Median

The median is the middle value in a ranked dataset and is not mathematically affected by extreme scores the way the mean is.

A tutor implements a new math strategy and tracks one student's performance daily using baseline and intervention phases. This is an example of:

Answer: Single-subject research design

Single-subject (or single-case) research design tracks one individual across baseline and treatment phases to evaluate intervention effects.

Which of the following best describes a p-value of 0.03 in a tutoring intervention study?

Answer: There is a 3% chance of obtaining results at least this extreme if the null hypothesis were true

A p-value represents the probability of observing results as extreme as those found, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

A tutor reads a study where the researcher knew which students received the intervention when measuring outcomes. This introduces:

Answer: Observer bias

Observer bias occurs when the evaluator's knowledge of group assignment influences how they measure or rate outcomes.

Which research approach is most appropriate for exploring how a student personally experiences learning difficulties?

Answer: Phenomological qualitative research

Phenomenological qualitative research explores individuals' lived experiences in depth, making it suitable for understanding personal learning challenges.

An effect size of d = 0.8 in a tutoring study is typically interpreted as:

Answer: Large effect

By Cohen's conventions, d = 0.2 is small, d = 0.5 is medium, and d = 0.8 or greater is considered a large effect.