Process Measurement & Metrics Flashcards
7 cards from real CPS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Process Measurement & Metrics flashcards as text
The Balanced Scorecard framework measures organizational and process performance across which four perspectives?
Answer: Financial, Customer, Internal Processes, and Learning & Growth
The Balanced Scorecard (Kaplan & Norton) evaluates performance across Financial, Customer, Internal Business Processes, and Learning & Growth perspectives for a holistic view.
Benchmarking in process measurement involves:
Answer: Comparing process performance against recognized best practices or industry standards
Benchmarking identifies performance gaps by comparing current process metrics against external best-in-class standards, driving targeted improvement efforts.
Process efficiency is best calculated as:
Answer: Value-added time divided by total cycle time, expressed as a percentage
Process efficiency = (Value-added time / Total cycle time) × 100%, measuring the proportion of process time that actually transforms the product or service.
A process operating at Six Sigma quality level produces approximately how many defects per million opportunities (DPMO)?
Answer: 3.4 DPMO
Six Sigma quality is defined as no more than 3.4 DPMO (accounting for a ±1.5σ process shift), representing near-perfect process performance.
In a control chart used for Statistical Process Control (SPC), a process is considered 'in control' when:
Answer: All data points fall within the control limits and show no non-random patterns
An in-control process shows all points within ±3σ control limits with no special-cause signals (trends, runs, cycles), indicating only common-cause variation is present.
Value-added time in process measurement is defined as time during which:
Answer: Work is being done that the customer recognizes as increasing the value of the product or service
Value-added time is time spent on activities that transform the product or service in ways the customer values and is willing to pay for, excluding inspection, rework, and wait time.
When using DPMO (Defects Per Million Opportunities) as a process metric, 'opportunity' refers to:
Answer: Each possible point in a unit or transaction where a defect could occur
An opportunity is any individual point within a product or transaction where a defect could potentially occur, allowing DPMO to account for process complexity when comparing quality across different processes.