Basic Science Flashcards
7 cards from real CPOA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Basic Science flashcards as text
Which refractive error is characterized by the eyeball being too long, causing light to focus in front of the retina?
Answer: Myopia
Myopia (nearsightedness) results from an axially elongated globe or overly curved cornea, causing parallel light rays to converge anterior to the retina.
The conjunctiva is classified as which type of tissue?
Answer: Columnar epithelium with goblet cells
The conjunctiva is composed of non-keratinized stratified columnar epithelium containing goblet cells that secrete the mucin layer of the tear film.
Which portion of the autonomic nervous system causes pupillary constriction (miosis)?
Answer: Parasympathetic nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system, via CN III and the ciliary ganglion, innervates the sphincter pupillae to constrict the pupil.
The vitreous humor occupies which space within the eye?
Answer: Behind the lens to the retina
The vitreous humor is the gel-like substance that fills the posterior segment of the eye, from the back of the lens to the retina.
A patient with 20/20 vision in one eye and 20/200 in the other who best-corrects to 20/20 in the weaker eye most likely has:
Answer: Amblyopia
Amblyopia (lazy eye) is reduced best-corrected visual acuity in an eye without detectable organic disease; the vision cannot be fully corrected with glasses alone.
The sclera is primarily composed of which structural protein?
Answer: Collagen
The sclera is made predominantly of dense, irregularly arranged collagen fibers that provide the eye's rigid white outer shell.
Which cells in the retina are the final output neurons that send visual signals to the brain via the optic nerve?
Answer: Ganglion cells
Retinal ganglion cells form the innermost retinal layer; their axons converge at the optic disc and travel through the optic nerve to the brain.