Patient Safety Principles Flashcards
7 cards from real CPHQ practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Patient Safety Principles flashcards as text
Which framework specifically addresses human error in complex sociotechnical systems by categorizing failures as person-based or system-based?
Answer: James Reason's Human Error Model
James Reason's model distinguishes between person-centered approaches (blame the individual) and system approaches (fix the organization).
In a hospital, nurses routinely skip the two-patient identifier check because it slows workflow. Over time staff accept this as normal. This phenomenon is called:
Answer: Normalization of deviance
Normalization of deviance occurs when unsafe workarounds become accepted as the norm because no immediate harm results.
Which element is REQUIRED for a valid informed consent process in the United States?
Answer: Disclosure of material risks, benefits, and alternatives
Valid informed consent requires disclosure of material risks, benefits, and alternatives so the patient can make a voluntary, informed decision.
A hospital implements standardized handoff communication using SBAR. This intervention primarily targets which safety risk?
Answer: Communication failures during care transitions
SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) provides a structured format to reduce communication failures during patient handoffs.
Which proactive risk assessment tool assigns a Risk Priority Number (RPN) by multiplying severity, occurrence, and detectability scores?
Answer: Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
FMEA calculates an RPN (Severity × Occurrence × Detection) to prioritize which failure modes require the most urgent mitigation.
Which practice is a core element of the IHI's 'bundles' approach to preventing central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI)?
Answer: Hand hygiene before line insertion
Hand hygiene before central line insertion is a fundamental element of CLABSI prevention bundles validated by the IHI.
A wrong-site surgery occurs. According to The Joint Commission, this is classified as a:
Answer: Sentinel event
Wrong-site surgery is defined by The Joint Commission as a sentinel event requiring thorough review and corrective action.