Animal Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

What is the term for the tough outer membrane covering the surface of bones?

Answer: Periosteum

The periosteum is a dense fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of bone and plays a role in bone repair and growth.

In animal digestion, what enzyme secreted by the pancreas breaks down proteins into peptides?

Answer: Trypsin

Trypsin is a pancreatic protease that cleaves peptide bonds in proteins, breaking them into smaller peptide fragments.

What is the name of the valve between the left ventricle and the aorta in mammals?

Answer: Aortic semilunar valve

The aortic semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle after each heartbeat.

Which layer of the skin contains the melanocytes responsible for pigmentation in animals?

Answer: Stratum basale (stratum germinativum)

Melanocytes reside in the stratum basale, the deepest layer of the epidermis, where they produce and transfer melanin to keratinocytes.

In male bovine reproductive anatomy, which structure stores and matures sperm cells before ejaculation?

Answer: Epididymis

The epididymis is a coiled tube attached to the testis where sperm undergo maturation and are stored until ejaculation.

What is the scientific term for the knee joint in the hindlimb of horses and cattle?

Answer: Stifle

The stifle joint in large animals corresponds to the human knee and consists of the femur, tibia, and patella.

Which nervous system division is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response in animals?

Answer: Sympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic nervous system activates the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and mobilizing energy.