Mixed Deck — All Counseling Topics Flashcards

Mandatory reporting laws require counselors to report suspected:

Answer: Child abuse and neglect

All U.S. states have mandatory reporting laws requiring mental health professionals to report suspected child abuse or neglect to designated child protective services agencies.

HIPAA primarily governs which aspect of counseling practice?

Answer: The privacy and security of clients' protected health information

HIPAA, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, establishes federal standards for protecting the privacy and security of individually identifiable health information.

Informed consent in counseling must include which of the following elements?

Answer: The nature of services, fees, risks, benefits, and limits of confidentiality

Ethical informed consent includes explaining the nature and purpose of services, fees, potential risks and benefits, and the limits of confidentiality before counseling begins.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) was originally developed to treat which population?

Answer: Individuals with borderline personality disorder

Marsha Linehan developed DBT specifically for chronically suicidal individuals with borderline personality disorder, combining CBT with acceptance strategies.

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) uses the 'miracle question' to do what?

Answer: Help clients envision a future without the problem

The miracle question invites clients to imagine waking up to find their problem solved, helping them articulate concrete goals and recognize existing strengths.

Which ethical principle refers to the counselor's obligation to 'do no harm'?

Answer: Nonmaleficence

Nonmaleficence is the obligation to avoid actions that cause harm to clients, and is one of the six foundational ethical principles outlined in the ACA Code of Ethics.

Frank Parsons is credited with founding the vocational guidance movement and emphasizing:

Answer: Matching individual traits to occupational requirements (Trait-and-Factor theory)

Frank Parsons, often called the 'father of vocational guidance,' developed Trait-and-Factor theory, matching individual traits (abilities, interests) to job requirements.

The racial/cultural identity development model (R/CID) proposed by Sue and Sue describes which early stage where a minority individual may devalue their own cultural group?

Answer: Conformity

In the Conformity stage, individuals from minority groups may internalize dominant culture values and devalue their own cultural heritage, sometimes preferring the dominant group's characteristics.

Ainsworth's 'secure attachment' style in infants is characterized by:

Answer: Distress at separation but comfort upon reunion

Securely attached infants show moderate distress when caregivers leave and are easily comforted upon return, reflecting a reliable and responsive caregiving history.

Ecological assessment in counseling refers to:

Answer: Evaluating the client within the context of their environment and systems

Ecological assessment takes a systems perspective, evaluating clients within their environmental contexts — family, school, community, and culture — rather than in isolation.

What does ASGW stand for in the context of group work?

Answer: Association for Specialists in Group Work

ASGW stands for Association for Specialists in Group Work, a division of ACA that sets professional standards, best practices, and ethical guidelines for group work.

The ADDRESSING framework (Hays, 2008) is used in multicultural counseling primarily to:

Answer: Identify multiple cultural influences and potential privilege or marginalization

The ADDRESSING framework helps counselors systematically consider multiple cultural factors (Age, Disability, Religion, Ethnicity, Social status, Sexual orientation, Indigenous heritage, National origin, Gender) that shape a client's identity.

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) was developed by:

Answer: Robert Lent, Steven Brown, and Gail Hackett

SCCT was developed by Lent, Brown, and Hackett (1994), grounded in Bandura's self-efficacy theory, focusing on how beliefs about abilities shape career interests and choices.

Career maturity, a concept from Super's theory, refers to:

Answer: Readiness to make appropriate career decisions for one's developmental stage

Career maturity is the degree to which an individual's career-related attitudes and competencies match what is expected for their developmental stage.

Research indicates that Asian American clients may underutilize mental health services due to:

Answer: Cultural stigma associated with seeking mental health treatment

Cultural stigma around mental illness, emphasis on family privacy, and the expectation to manage problems within the family are well-documented barriers to mental health service use among Asian Americans.

Which of the following is NOT a recognized exception to client confidentiality?

Answer: Client's insurance company requests records for billing

An insurance company requesting records for billing purposes does not automatically override confidentiality; client authorization is typically required before releasing records to third-party payers.

In resilience research, which factor is most consistently identified as protective for at-risk youth?

Answer: Presence of at least one stable, caring adult relationship

Research consistently shows that having at least one stable, caring relationship with an adult is the most powerful protective factor against adverse childhood experiences.

In group development, Tuckman's model begins with which stage?

Answer: Forming

Tuckman's model begins with the Forming stage, during which members are oriented, anxious, and dependent on the leader for structure and direction.

Which theorist developed Person-Centered Therapy, emphasizing unconditional positive regard?

Answer: Carl Rogers

Carl Rogers developed Person-Centered Therapy, which emphasizes empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard as core therapeutic conditions.

The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is an example of which type of assessment?

Answer: Multi-informant behavioral rating scale

The CBCL is a multi-informant behavioral rating scale completed by parents, teachers, and youth, assessing both internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems.