Human Development and Lifespan Flashcards

Gilligan's theory of moral development critiqued Kohlberg for:

Answer: Basing his stages primarily on male subjects

Carol Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's model was gender-biased because it was based primarily on male samples and undervalued the care-based moral reasoning more common in women.

The concept of 'temperament' in child development refers to:

Answer: Biologically-based individual differences in emotional reactivity and self-regulation

Temperament describes inborn, stable patterns of emotional response and behavioral style, including dimensions like activity level, adaptability, and mood.

Levinson's theory of adult development focuses on:

Answer: Alternating periods of structure-building and transition

Daniel Levinson described adult development as cycles of stable 'structure-building' periods alternating with transitional periods, culminating in the 'midlife transition.'

In resilience research, which factor is most consistently identified as protective for at-risk youth?

Answer: Presence of at least one stable, caring adult relationship

Research consistently shows that having at least one stable, caring relationship with an adult is the most powerful protective factor against adverse childhood experiences.

Neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD are typically first diagnosed during:

Answer: Childhood or adolescence

According to the DSM-5, neurodevelopmental disorders like ADHD must have symptoms present before age 12 and are typically identified during childhood or adolescence.

Which theorist introduced the concept of 'generativity vs. stagnation' in middle adulthood?

Answer: Erik Erikson

Erikson's seventh psychosocial stage — generativity vs. stagnation — occurs in middle adulthood and centers on contributing to future generations through work, parenting, or community.