Hair & Scalp Properties Flashcards

The scientific term for studying hair is.

Answer: Trichology

Trichology is the specialized branch of dermatology that focuses on the scientific study of hair and scalp health. It encompasses the anatomy, growth, diseases, and care of hair. Professionals in this field, known as trichologists, diagnose and treat various hair and scalp conditions.

Hair may ________ as a result of shampoos with a high pH level.

Answer: become dry and brittle

Hair and scalp have a naturally acidic pH, typically around 4.5 to 5.5. Shampoos with a high, alkaline pH level can cause the hair cuticle to open, leading to moisture loss and damage. This results in hair that feels dry, rough, and is more prone to breakage and brittleness.

The following may happen if hair ends stick out past the top of the Marcel iron:

Answer: Fishhook ends

When using a Marcel iron, if the ends of the hair are not properly enclosed within the iron's barrel and stick out, they can be bent or crimped at an unnatural angle. This creates a distinctive, undesirable 'fishhook' shape at the ends of the hair, indicating improper technique.

This area of the pressing comb straightens the hair when used:

Answer: Spine of the comb

When using a pressing comb for hair straightening, the spine (or back) of the comb is the part that applies heat and pressure directly to the hair shaft. This action smooths and straightens the hair, while the teeth help to guide and separate the hair sections.

When cutting, Emily is instructed by her teacher to lift the hair. What other name would you give to elevation?

Answer: Projection

In haircutting, elevation refers to the degree at which the hair is lifted away from the head before cutting. This technique is also commonly known as projection. The angle of elevation or projection directly influences the amount of graduation or layering achieved in the haircut.

There are two different kinds of guidelines that can be utilized when cutting hair.

Answer: Stationary and traveling (mobile)

Haircutting relies on guidelines to ensure precision and consistency. The two main types are stationary guidelines, where all hair is combed to a single point and cut, and traveling (or mobile) guidelines, where the guideline moves with each section of hair, creating layers or graduation. These two methods dictate the overall shape and length distribution of the haircut.

Maria and her client are having a consultation. She claims that her customer wants a "shag" haircut. Which direction would Maria elevate the hair when trimming it, if at all?

Answer: 180 degrees

A shag haircut is characterized by heavy layering and volume, often achieved by cutting the hair at extreme elevations. To create the maximum amount of layers and a soft, feathered look typical of a shag, hair is commonly elevated to 180 degrees, pulling it straight up from the head. This technique ensures that the shortest layers are at the top and gradually get longer towards the ends.

This is a part of the hair used in haircuts.

Answer: part

In haircutting, a 'part' refers to the line that divides the hair into sections or separates it on the scalp. Parts are crucial for organizing the hair, creating clean sections, and establishing guidelines for precise cutting. They help stylists maintain control and achieve desired shapes and styles.

The three primary colors, as indicated on the color wheel, are

Answer: red, blue, yellow

In color theory, the primary colors are red, blue, and yellow. These three colors are considered fundamental because they cannot be created by mixing any other colors. They form the basis of the color wheel, and all other colors are derived from combinations of these primaries.

The hair of Jon's customer has been lightened. His customer claims that she notices brassy, orange tones in her hair. In order to eliminate the unwelcome brassiness, John chooses to put a toner on his client's hair. What color toner should Jon use on his client's hair based on the color wheel?

Answer: blue

According to the color wheel, blue is the complementary color to orange. Complementary colors neutralize each other when mixed or placed side-by-side. Therefore, to counteract and eliminate unwanted brassy, orange tones in lightened hair, a blue-based toner should be applied.

Before application, all colors that contain aniline derivative tints must undergo a Screening to ascertain whether the client is chemically sensitive.

Answer: patch test

Aniline derivative tints are common ingredients in permanent hair colors and can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. A patch test, also known as a predisposition test, involves applying a small amount of the product to a discreet area of the skin, typically behind the ear or on the inner elbow, 24-48 hours before the full application. This screening determines if the client has any sensitivity or allergic reaction to the chemicals.

Harry, Jackie's son, requests a transient shade for a party he is attending. What kind of transient color would you suggest for him?

Answer: Spray on hair color

Transient hair colors are temporary and designed to wash out easily, often after just one shampoo. Spray-on hair colors are a perfect example of this, as they coat the hair's surface with pigment that can be removed quickly. This makes them ideal for temporary looks for events like parties, as requested by Harry.

Colors that are permanent can:

Answer: lift natural pigment and deposit artificial pigment in a single process.

Permanent hair colors are formulated to simultaneously lighten the hair's natural pigment and deposit new artificial color molecules into the hair shaft. This dual action allows for significant color changes, including lightening and darkening, and ensures the new color is long-lasting as it penetrates the cortex.

A developer whose peroxide content is said to be 20 volume contains what proportion of peroxide?

Answer: 6%

A 20 volume developer contains 6% hydrogen peroxide. The 'volume' indicates the amount of oxygen released, and there's a direct conversion: 10 volume is 3%, 20 volume is 6%, 30 volume is 9%, and 40 volume is 12%. This proportion of peroxide determines the lifting power and processing speed of hair color or lightener.

Recoloring hair to the desired level and tone after decolorizing it is referred to as:

Answer: a double process technique

Recoloring hair to the desired level and tone after decolorizing it is known as a double process technique. This involves two distinct steps: first, lightening the hair to remove natural or artificial pigment, and then, applying a toner or color to achieve the final desired shade. This method allows for significant color changes and precise tone control.

In the course of a permanent wave solution, which bonds are shattered and reconfigured?

Answer: Small

During a permanent wave, the chemical solution breaks and reconfigures the disulfide bonds within the hair's keratin structure. These are relatively small, strong chemical bonds that give hair its natural shape. By breaking these bonds and then reforming them around perm rods, the hair's texture is permanently altered to a new, wavy or curly pattern.