COMLEX-USA Pharmacology

Question 1

Which beta-blocker is cardioselective (beta-1 selective) and commonly used in heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Metoprolol succinate

Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Carvedilol

Answer

Labetalol

Question 2

The mechanism of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes primarily involves:

Accepted Answer

Activating AMPK to reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis

Answer

Stimulating insulin secretion from beta cells

Answer

Blocking SGLT-2 in the kidney

Answer

Inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4

Question 3

A patient taking warfarin is started on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a UTI. Which effect is expected?

Accepted Answer

Increased anticoagulation due to CYP2C9 inhibition

Answer

Decreased anticoagulation due to CYP induction

Answer

No change in INR

Answer

Decreased warfarin absorption

Question 4

Which opioid analgesic is contraindicated in patients with renal failure due to accumulation of its active metabolite morphine-6-glucuronide?

Accepted Answer

Morphine

Answer

Fentanyl

Answer

Hydromorphone

Answer

Buprenorphine

Question 5

Atropine reverses bradycardia caused by organophosphate poisoning by which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Competitively blocking muscarinic receptors

Answer

Reactivating acetylcholinesterase

Answer

Blocking nicotinic receptors

Answer

Increasing sympathetic tone directly

Question 6

Which class of antibiotics inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to PBPs and is bactericidal?

Accepted Answer

Beta-lactams

Answer

Fluoroquinolones

Answer

Macrolides

Answer

Aminoglycosides