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Pharmacology Fundamentals Flashcards

7 cards from real COKO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Pharmacology Fundamentals flashcards as text

  1. A kinesiologist notices a client taking a beta-blocker reports an unusually low resting heart rate. Which pharmacodynamic concept explains this effect?

    Answer: Antagonism at beta-adrenergic receptors

    Beta-blockers act as antagonists at beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate by blocking sympathetic stimulation.

  2. Which term describes the concentration of a drug required to produce 50% of its maximum possible effect?

    Answer: EC50

    EC50 (effective concentration 50%) is the drug concentration producing half of the maximal response.

  3. A client on warfarin begins taking a new NSAID. The kinesiologist should be aware that this combination may increase risk of:

    Answer: Bleeding

    NSAIDs can displace warfarin from plasma proteins and inhibit platelet aggregation, significantly increasing bleeding risk.

  4. Which phase of pharmacokinetics involves the conversion of a drug to more water-soluble metabolites primarily in the liver?

    Answer: Metabolism

    Metabolism (biotransformation), mainly hepatic, converts lipophilic drugs into more polar metabolites for easier elimination.

  5. A client using a corticosteroid inhaler for asthma asks about systemic side effects. Which effect is most relevant for exercise programming?

    Answer: Muscle weakness and reduced bone density

    Long-term corticosteroid use can cause myopathy and osteoporosis, directly affecting exercise capacity and fracture risk.

  6. Which route of drug administration provides 100% bioavailability by bypassing first-pass metabolism?

    Answer: Intravenous

    Intravenous administration delivers the drug directly into systemic circulation, ensuring complete (100%) bioavailability.

  7. A kinesiologist's client takes metformin for type 2 diabetes. During prolonged exercise, which concern is most pharmacologically relevant?

    Answer: Hypoglycemia risk is lower than with insulin secretagogues

    Metformin lowers blood glucose without stimulating insulin release, so hypoglycemia risk during exercise is lower compared to sulfonylureas or insulin.