CO Pediatric Vision Development & Screening Flashcards

Infantile esotropia (congenital esotropia) is defined by onset before which age with what typical characteristics?

Answer: 6 months; large angle, no significant refractive error

Infantile esotropia presents before 6 months of age with a large, stable angle of deviation and typically normal or low degrees of hyperopia.

Accommodative esotropia is MOST commonly associated with which refractive error?

Answer: High hyperopia

Accommodative esotropia is typically caused by uncorrected hyperopia, which drives excessive accommodation and associated convergence, causing esotropia.

Deprivation amblyopia, caused by conditions such as congenital cataracts, is the MOST severe form because:

Answer: It completely deprives the visual cortex of form vision during the critical period

Deprivation amblyopia is most severe because form vision is completely blocked during the critical sensitive period, causing profound cortical underrepresentation.

When performing a cover-uncover test on a child, a refixation movement of the uncovered eye indicates which condition?

Answer: Heterotropia (manifest deviation)

If the uncovered eye moves to take up fixation when the other eye is covered, a manifest tropia (heterotropia) is present in that eye.

Duane retraction syndrome Type I is characterized by which motility pattern?

Answer: Limitation of abduction with globe retraction on adduction

Duane Type I presents with limited or absent abduction and globe retraction with narrowing of the palpebral fissure on adduction, due to aberrant CN III innervation of the lateral rectus.

The AAPOS guidelines recommend that vision screening in children should begin at which age?

Answer: 3 years

AAPOS and AAP guidelines recommend that all children have a vision screening at age 3 years, when cooperation allows photo-screening or acuity testing.