CNA Nutrition & Hydration Flashcards

What is the recommended minimum daily fluid intake for most adults?

Answer: 1.5–2 liters (6–8 cups)

Most adults require 1.5–2 liters (6–8 cups) of fluid daily to maintain proper hydration and support body functions.

In which position should a patient be placed during feeding to help prevent aspiration?

Answer: Upright at 90 degrees or as close as possible

Sitting upright at 90 degrees uses gravity to direct food and fluid down the esophagus, reducing the risk of aspiration into the lungs.

What does the medical abbreviation 'NPO' mean?

Answer: Nothing by mouth

NPO stands for 'nil per os' (Latin), meaning the patient should receive nothing by mouth — no food, fluids, or oral medications.

Which macronutrient provides 9 calories per gram, the highest energy density among all nutrients?

Answer: Fat

Fat provides 9 calories per gram, compared to 4 calories per gram for both carbohydrates and protein, making it the most energy-dense macronutrient.

What is dysphagia?

Answer: Difficulty swallowing

Dysphagia refers to difficulty or discomfort in swallowing, which increases aspiration risk and may require diet texture modifications.

Which of the following is an early sign of dehydration in a patient?

Answer: Dark-colored urine and dry mouth

Dark, concentrated urine and dry mouth are classic early signs of dehydration, indicating that the body lacks sufficient fluid.

Thickened liquid diets are most commonly ordered for patients with which condition?

Answer: Swallowing difficulties (dysphagia)

Thickened liquids are used for patients with dysphagia to slow the flow of liquid and reduce the risk of aspiration into the airway.