Basic Human Anatomy and Age-Related Changes Flashcards

Which age-related change in the digestive system commonly leads to constipation in older adults?

Answer: Slowed gastrointestinal motility

Aging slows peristalsis (gastrointestinal motility), increasing transit time and contributing to constipation in older adults.

The synovial membrane lines:

Answer: The inside of joint capsules

The synovial membrane lines the interior of joint capsules and secretes synovial fluid to lubricate and nourish the joint.

Which age-related immune system change increases older adults' susceptibility to infection?

Answer: Decreased immune response and slower wound healing

Immunosenescence causes a gradual decline in immune function, resulting in decreased T-cell activity and slower responses to new infections.

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the:

Answer: Lungs via the pulmonary circulation

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs to receive oxygen.

Which structure connects muscle to bone?

Answer: Tendon

Tendons are fibrous connective tissue structures that attach skeletal muscles to bones, transmitting the force of muscle contraction.

An age-related change that increases an elderly resident's risk of hypothermia is:

Answer: Decreased ability to shiver and reduced subcutaneous fat

Older adults have impaired shivering response and less insulating subcutaneous fat, making heat retention difficult in cold environments.

The pituitary gland is often called the 'master gland' because it:

Answer: Controls the function of many other endocrine glands

The pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate the thyroid, adrenal glands, and gonads, coordinating much of the endocrine system.