CMT Urinalysis and Body Fluids Flashcards
6 cards from real CMT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 CMT Urinalysis and Body Fluids flashcards as text
Oval fat bodies in urine sediment are best associated with:
Answer: Nephrotic syndrome
Oval fat bodies are renal tubular epithelial cells or macrophages containing absorbed lipid droplets, a hallmark of heavy proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome.
Which urinary cast is associated with the most severe, end-stage renal disease?
Answer: Waxy cast
Waxy casts form in wide, dilated tubules from highly degenerated granular casts and indicate severe, chronic kidney disease or renal failure.
The ammoniacal (fishy) odor of urine is most often caused by:
Answer: Bacterial decomposition of urea
Urease-producing bacteria decompose urea to ammonia, producing the characteristic ammoniacal odor in infected or standing urine samples.
Urine nitrite positivity on a dipstick is most helpful in detecting:
Answer: Gram-negative bacteria
Most gram-negative enteric bacteria reduce urinary nitrate to nitrite, making the nitrite pad a useful screening tool for gram-negative urinary tract infections.
Which urine pH level favors precipitation of calcium oxalate and uric acid crystals?
Answer: pH 4.5–5.5
An acidic urine pH (4.5–5.5) promotes precipitation of uric acid crystals, while calcium oxalate can precipitate across a wide pH range but is favored in acidic conditions.
When performing a 24-hour urine collection for creatinine clearance, the patient should be instructed to:
Answer: Discard the first morning void and collect all subsequent urine for 24 hours
The standard 24-hour collection protocol discards the first morning void (to clear the bladder at time zero) then collects all urine for exactly 24 hours, ending with the next morning void.