Anatomy and Physiology Basics Flashcards
6 cards from real CMT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Anatomy and Physiology Basics flashcards as text
A resident has diabetes, a condition related to the regulation of blood sugar. This function is primarily controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by which endocrine gland?
Answer: Pancreas
The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which are essential hormones for regulating blood glucose levels. In diabetes, the pancreas's ability to produce or use insulin is impaired.
Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood through the aorta to the rest of the body?
Answer: Left ventricle
The left ventricle is the most muscular chamber of the heart. It receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta, the body's largest artery, to be distributed systemically.
A resident is using an inhaler for asthma. The medication needs to reach the smallest air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. What are these structures called?
Answer: Alveoli
The alveoli are the tiny, numerous air sacs at the end of the respiratory tract where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the bloodstream takes place.
The central nervous system (CNS) is the primary control center for the body. A medication that is classified as a 'CNS depressant' will primarily affect which two anatomical structures?
Answer: Brain and spinal cord
The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. These two structures work together to process information and coordinate all bodily functions.
A CMT is administering several medications to a resident and understands that most of them will be filtered out of the bloodstream and excreted. Which organ is the primary site for filtering blood and eliminating most drugs from the body?
Answer: Kidneys
The kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system that filter waste products, excess water, and drugs from the blood to create urine. Proper kidney function is crucial for drug clearance.
When a CMT applies a medicated patch, the drug is absorbed through the skin to enter the bloodstream. To do this, the medication must pass through the epidermis and reach which underlying layer that contains blood vessels?
Answer: Dermis
The dermis is the layer of skin directly beneath the epidermis. It is rich in blood vessels, nerves, and glands. For a medication to have a systemic effect, it must be absorbed into the capillaries located within the dermis.