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Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Pathophysiology Flashcards

7 cards from real CMT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Pathophysiology flashcards as text

  1. The intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus is composed primarily of:

    Answer: Type II collagen and aggrecan proteoglycans

    The nucleus pulposus contains predominantly Type II collagen and large aggregating proteoglycans (aggrecan) that attract water, giving it hydrostatic pressure properties.

  2. Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) most commonly compresses neurovascular structures between the:

    Answer: Anterior and middle scalene muscles (scalene triangle)

    The most common site of TOS compression is the scalene triangle between the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and first rib.

  3. Which connective tissue pathology is characterized by angiofibroblastic hyperplasia and degeneration of the common extensor tendon origin?

    Answer: Tendinosis (lateral epicondylosis)

    Tendinosis (lateral epicondylosis, commonly called 'tennis elbow') shows angiofibroblastic degeneration with no inflammatory cells — a failed healing response.

  4. The 'capsular pattern' of the hip joint in a manual therapy context refers to restriction primarily in:

    Answer: Flexion > abduction > medial rotation

    The hip capsular pattern follows flexion most restricted, followed by abduction, then medial rotation, indicating joint capsule pathology.

  5. Muscle spindles (intrafusal fibers) primarily detect:

    Answer: Changes in muscle length and velocity of stretch

    Muscle spindles are stretch receptors that detect changes in muscle length (static response via bag2/chain fibers) and velocity of stretch (dynamic response via bag1 fibers).

  6. A positive Ober test indicates tightness of which structure?

    Answer: Iliotibial band and tensor fascia latae

    The Ober test assesses iliotibial band/TFL tightness; a positive test occurs when the flexed, abducted hip cannot adduct past neutral in side-lying.

  7. Wolff's Law states that bone remodels in response to:

    Answer: Mechanical loads and stresses placed upon it

    Wolff's Law holds that bone adapts its structure and density according to the mechanical demands placed on it, forming trabeculae along lines of stress.