Industrial Materials & Metallurgy Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Industrial Materials & Metallurgy flashcards as text
What type of cast iron contains graphite in the form of spheroidal (nodular) particles rather than flakes, resulting in significantly improved ductility?
Answer: Ductile (nodular) cast iron
Ductile (nodular) cast iron contains spheroidal graphite produced by adding magnesium or cerium to the melt, giving it much higher tensile strength and ductility than gray iron.
Which heat treatment is performed after quench hardening to reduce brittleness and internal stresses in hardened steel by reheating below the lower critical temperature?
Answer: Tempering
Tempering relieves internal stresses and reduces brittleness in hardened steel by heating it to a temperature below Ac1, achieving a balance between hardness and toughness.
In which aluminum alloy series are copper-based alloys found, known for high strength but lower corrosion resistance?
Answer: 2xxx series
The 2xxx series aluminum alloys use copper as the primary alloying element, offering high strength but reduced corrosion resistance; they are common in aerospace applications.
What is the purpose of solution heat treatment in precipitation-hardening (age-hardening) aluminum alloys?
Answer: To dissolve alloying elements into a single-phase solid solution before aging
Solution heat treatment dissolves alloying elements (such as copper or magnesium) into a single-phase solid solution at elevated temperature before quenching and subsequent aging.
Which ceramic property makes alumina (Al₂O₃) suitable as a cutting tool insert for high-speed machining of hardened steels?
Answer: Retention of hardness at elevated temperatures and chemical inertness
Alumina cutting tools maintain their hardness at high machining temperatures and resist chemical reactions with the workpiece, enabling high-speed dry machining of hard materials.
What does the AISI/SAE designation '4340' tell a manufacturing engineer about the steel?
Answer: It is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy steel with approximately 0.40% carbon
AISI 4340 is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum low-alloy steel; the '43' prefix identifies the alloy family and '40' indicates approximately 0.40% carbon content.
Which manufacturing process produces seamless tubing or rod by forcing a heated billet through a die orifice under compressive force?
Answer: Extrusion
Extrusion forces a heated metal billet through a shaped die opening using a ram, producing continuous cross-sections such as tubes, rods, and complex profiles.