Composition and Music Theory Flashcards

In Roman numeral analysis, what does a lowercase 'v' with a superscript 'o' (v°) indicate in a minor key?

Answer: A diminished triad built on scale degree 5

In natural minor, the triad on scale degree 5 is diminished (v°), unlike the raised leading tone that creates V major in harmonic minor.

What is a 'pedal point' in music composition?

Answer: A sustained or repeated note in one voice while harmonies change above or below it

A pedal point is a compositional technique where one pitch is held (usually in the bass) while other voices move through changing harmonies.

Which mode starts on the 6th degree of the major scale and has a lowered 3rd, 6th, and 7th compared to major?

Answer: Aeolian

Aeolian mode, also known as the natural minor scale, is built on the 6th degree of the major scale and features a b3, b6, and b7.

What is the term for a chord progression that moves from IV directly to I, often used to end a phrase with a softer resolution?

Answer: Plagal cadence

A plagal cadence (IV–I) is sometimes called the 'Amen cadence' and provides a softer, less definitive sense of closure than an authentic cadence.

In music theory, what is 'hemiola'?

Answer: A rhythmic device where two measures of triple meter are felt as three measures of duple meter

Hemiola creates a temporary metric shift by grouping beats in a 3:2 ratio, making two bars of 3/4 feel like three bars of 2/4.

What does the term 'enharmonic equivalent' mean?

Answer: Two notes that sound the same but are written with different names

Enharmonic equivalents are notes like C# and Db that are identical in pitch but spelled differently depending on musical context.

Which compositional technique involves stating a melody and then repeating it with slight variations each time?

Answer: Theme and variations

Theme and variations is a form where a primary theme is repeatedly altered in rhythm, harmony, melody, or texture while retaining its basic identity.