CLT Philosophy and Worldview 5

Question 1

Plato argued that mathematical objects and Forms are more real than physical things because?

Accepted Answer

They are eternal, unchanging, and knowable with certainty

Answer

They are more useful for practical life and navigation

Answer

They can be perceived directly by the five senses

Answer

They were the first things created by the Demiurge

Question 2

Aristotle identified four causes to fully explain any natural thing. Which of the following is NOT one of Aristotle's four causes?

Accepted Answer

The mathematical cause (its quantitative properties)

Answer

The material cause (what it is made of)

Answer

The formal cause (its defining structure or essence)

Answer

The final cause (its purpose or end)

Question 3

Stoic philosophers held that human happiness (eudaimonia) depends primarily on?

Accepted Answer

Virtue and right reason alone, regardless of external circumstances

Answer

Accumulating wealth, health, and social status

Answer

Satisfying one's natural desires in moderation

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Withdrawal from public life into contemplative solitude

Question 4

Natural law theory, as developed by thinkers like Cicero and Aquinas, holds that moral norms are?

Accepted Answer

Grounded in human nature and discoverable by reason

Answer

Established solely by the positive laws of each particular society

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Arbitrary divine commands that must be obeyed without rational justification

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Derived exclusively from the utility they produce for the majority

Question 5

The philosophical problem of universals concerns the question of whether?

Accepted Answer

Abstract concepts like 'redness' or 'humanity' have real existence independent of particular things

Answer

God is the universal cause of all particular events

Answer

Universal moral laws can be known with certainty by human reason

Answer

All humans share a single universal mind or intellect

Question 6

The classical transcendentals — Truth, Goodness, and Beauty — are described as transcendental because?

Accepted Answer

They are properties convertible with Being itself and applicable to everything that exists

Answer

They transcend human understanding and can only be known by God

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They were revealed through divine Scripture and transcend natural reason

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They transcend cultural differences and are recognized in all civilizations

Question 7

Blaise Pascal's 'Wager' argument holds that one should believe in God because?

Accepted Answer

The rational expectation of infinite gain from belief outweighs the finite cost of commitment

Answer

The ontological definition of God logically entails His existence

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Miracles provide sufficient empirical evidence for God's existence

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Scripture is historically reliable and must be accepted as authoritative