CLT Philosophy and Worldview 3

Question 1

Thomas Aquinas's 'Five Ways' in the Summa Theologiae are arguments for?

Accepted Answer

The existence of God

Answer

The immortality of the human soul

Answer

The truth of Christian Scripture

Answer

The superiority of faith over reason

Question 2

Augustine's doctrine of 'original sin' holds which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Human nature is fundamentally disordered due to Adam's fall

Answer

Each person sins independently with no inherited moral debt

Answer

Sin only affects the body, not the rational soul

Answer

Children are born morally neutral until they make their first choice

Question 3

Anselm of Canterbury's ontological argument defines God as?

Accepted Answer

That than which nothing greater can be conceived

Answer

The unmoved mover who set the cosmos in motion

Answer

The ground of being that underlies all existence

Answer

The creator whose existence is proven by the complexity of creation

Question 4

The scholastic method, as practiced in medieval universities, was primarily characterized by?

Accepted Answer

Rigorous logical disputation to reconcile authorities with reason

Answer

Empirical observation and systematic experiment

Answer

Mystical contemplation and rejection of rational argument

Answer

Humanistic study of classical literature and rhetoric

Question 5

Augustine's concept of the 'Two Cities' in The City of God refers to?

Accepted Answer

The spiritual community of those who love God and the worldly community of those who love self

Answer

Rome and Jerusalem as competing centers of civilization

Answer

Heaven and Hell as destinations for the righteous and wicked

Answer

Athens and Rome as models of philosophy and law

Question 6

Which medieval philosopher is known for the synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy and Christian theology?

Accepted Answer

Thomas Aquinas

Answer

Anselm of Canterbury

Answer

Peter Abelard

Answer

Duns Scotus

Question 7

The Great Chain of Being, influential in medieval and Renaissance thought, describes?

Accepted Answer

A hierarchical ordering of all existence from God down through angels, humans, animals, and matter

Answer

The sequence of historical ages from gold to iron

Answer

The chain of logical reasoning that leads from premises to God's existence

Answer

The succession of emperors and popes as co-rulers of Christendom