Practice Test Geeks(CLT) Clinical Laboratory Technologist Certification Practice Test
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CLT Microbiology & Urinalysis Flashcards

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  1. Which biochemical test differentiates Streptococcus pneumoniae from other alpha-hemolytic streptococci?

    Answer: Optochin sensitivity test

    S. pneumoniae is optochin-sensitive (produces a zone of inhibition ≥14 mm), while viridans streptococci are optochin-resistant.

  2. What does glucosuria (glucose in urine) detected by dipstick most commonly indicate?

    Answer: Diabetes mellitus with blood glucose exceeding renal threshold

    Glucosuria occurs when blood glucose exceeds the renal threshold (~180 mg/dL), causing glucose to spill into the urine, most commonly seen in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.

  3. Which microscopic finding in urine sediment is considered a normal finding and does not indicate pathology?

    Answer: Hyaline casts

    Hyaline casts are composed of Tamm-Horsfall protein and may be seen in small numbers in normal urine, especially after exercise or mild dehydration.

  4. An India ink preparation of CSF reveals encapsulated yeast cells. Which organism does this finding suggest?

    Answer: Cryptococcus neoformans

    India ink stains the background black, outlining the large polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans as a clear halo around the yeast cells.

  5. What is the significance of a positive leukocyte esterase on a urine dipstick?

    Answer: Suggests the presence of white blood cells (pyuria)

    Leukocyte esterase is an enzyme released by lysed WBCs; a positive result indicates pyuria and suggests urinary tract infection or inflammation.

  6. Which identification system uses a series of biochemical reactions in miniaturized cupules to identify gram-negative enteric bacteria?

    Answer: API 20E system

    The API 20E (Analytical Profile Index) system uses 20 miniaturized biochemical tests to generate a numerical profile for identifying gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae.