Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards
7 cards from real CLT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals flashcards as text
Which plasma protein is produced exclusively by the liver and accounts for approximately 60% of total plasma protein?
Answer: Albumin
Albumin is synthesized by hepatocytes and is the most abundant plasma protein, responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure.
Surfactant produced by type II pneumocytes primarily functions to:
Answer: Prevent alveolar collapse by reducing surface tension
Pulmonary surfactant (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) lowers surface tension within alveoli, preventing collapse during expiration.
The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex primarily secretes which hormone?
Answer: Aldosterone
The outermost zona glomerulosa produces aldosterone, which regulates sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidney.
Which structure connects the testes to the epididymis and is involved in sperm maturation?
Answer: Efferent ductules
Efferent ductules carry sperm from the rete testis to the epididymis, where final sperm maturation occurs.
What is the normal GFR (glomerular filtration rate) in a healthy adult?
Answer: 90–120 mL/min
A normal GFR is approximately 90–120 mL/min/1.73 m², and values below 60 indicate chronic kidney disease.
Which connective tissue cell type is responsible for synthesizing and secreting collagen and extracellular matrix components?
Answer: Fibroblast
Fibroblasts are the most common connective tissue cells and are the primary producers of collagen, elastin, and glycoproteins.
The blood-brain barrier is primarily formed by tight junctions between which cells?
Answer: Brain capillary endothelial cells
Tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells in the brain form the physical barrier that restricts paracellular transport.