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Philosophy and Worldview Flashcards

7 cards from real CLT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Philosophy and Worldview flashcards as text

  1. Thomas Aquinas's 'Five Ways' in the Summa Theologiae are arguments for?

    Answer: The existence of God

    Aquinas's Five Ways are five arguments — from motion, causation, contingency, gradation, and design — each concluding to the existence of God.

  2. Augustine's doctrine of 'original sin' holds which of the following?

    Answer: Human nature is fundamentally disordered due to Adam's fall

    Augustine argued that Adam's disobedience corrupted human nature, passing both guilt and disordered desires (concupiscence) to all his descendants.

  3. Anselm of Canterbury's ontological argument defines God as?

    Answer: That than which nothing greater can be conceived

    Anselm's definition — 'that than which nothing greater can be conceived' — is the premise from which he argues God must exist in reality, not merely in the mind.

  4. The scholastic method, as practiced in medieval universities, was primarily characterized by?

    Answer: Rigorous logical disputation to reconcile authorities with reason

    Scholasticism used formal logical disputation (quaestio format) to resolve apparent conflicts between ancient authorities like Aristotle and Christian doctrine.

  5. Augustine's concept of the 'Two Cities' in The City of God refers to?

    Answer: The spiritual community of those who love God and the worldly community of those who love self

    Augustine contrasts the City of God (those who love God above self) with the City of Man (those who love self above God), showing history as their intermingled struggle.

  6. Which medieval philosopher is known for the synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy and Christian theology?

    Answer: Thomas Aquinas

    Aquinas's Summa Theologiae and Summa Contra Gentiles systematically integrated Aristotle's logic, metaphysics, and ethics with Catholic Christian doctrine.

  7. The Great Chain of Being, influential in medieval and Renaissance thought, describes?

    Answer: A hierarchical ordering of all existence from God down through angels, humans, animals, and matter

    The Great Chain of Being (scala naturae) arranged all creatures in a fixed hierarchy of perfection, with God at the summit and bare matter at the bottom.