Biology Vertebrate Organ Systems Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Biology Vertebrate Organ Systems flashcards as text
Which structure in the kidney is responsible for the initial filtration of blood?
Answer: Glomerulus
The glomerulus is a capillary network in the Bowman's capsule where blood is filtered under pressure.
What is the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
Answer: Initiating the electrical impulse that sets heart rate
The SA node, located in the right atrium, generates the electrical impulses that initiate each heartbeat.
In the vertebrate digestive system, where does most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur?
Answer: Small intestine
The small intestine is the primary site of enzymatic digestion and nutrient absorption, aided by villi and microvilli.
Which hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla in response to stress?
Answer: Epinephrine
Epinephrine (adrenaline) is secreted by the adrenal medulla and triggers the fight-or-flight response.
What type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels?
Answer: Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle lines blood vessel walls and controls vessel diameter through involuntary contractions.
Which part of the brain controls basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate?
Answer: Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata regulates autonomic functions including breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
What is the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in the vertebrate body?
Answer: Stimulates red blood cell production
Erythropoietin is a hormone produced mainly by the kidneys that stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.