CLEP - Biology Cell Organelle Structure/Function Questions and Answers

Question 1

A cell actively engaged in breaking down and recycling damaged organelles and foreign particles would be expected to have a high concentration of which organelle?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 2

A scientist is studying a plant cell and observes an organelle with a double membrane, containing stacks of flattened sacs called grana. What is the primary function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Converting light energy into chemical energy

Answer

Synthesizing lipids and steroids

Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins

Answer

Generating ATP through cellular respiration

Question 3

Which of the following correctly outlines the path of a protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome → Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane

Answer

Golgi apparatus → Rough ER → Ribosome → Plasma membrane

Answer

Nucleus → Ribosome → Smooth ER → Lysosome

Answer

Ribosome → Golgi apparatus → Rough ER → Plasma membrane

Question 4

Liver cells are heavily involved in detoxifying harmful substances like alcohol and drugs. Which organelle would you expect to be particularly abundant in these cells to perform this function?

Accepted Answer

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Peroxisome

Answer

Vacuole

Question 5

The inner membrane of a mitochondrion is highly folded into structures called cristae. This structural feature is critical because it:

Accepted Answer

increases the surface area for the reactions of the electron transport chain.

Answer

provides a large surface area for the attachment of ribosomes.

Answer

houses the genetic material (mtDNA) of the mitochondrion.

Answer

allows for the storage of water, nutrients, and waste products.

Question 6

Which organelle is considered the primary site of ATP synthesis during aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Nucleus