Project Budgeting & Specification Flashcards

A lighting designer applies a 10% contingency to a $95,000 base lighting budget. What is the total budget with contingency?

Answer: $104,500

$95,000 × 1.10 = $104,500 total budget including contingency.

Which specification delivery method requires the contractor to design and build the lighting system to owner-defined performance outcomes?

Answer: Design-build

In design-build, a single entity is responsible for both designing and constructing the lighting system to meet the owner's program.

On a lighting spec section, what does the term 'basis of design' identify?

Answer: The specific product used to establish design intent and performance benchmarks

The basis of design product is the specific luminaire or system the designer used to develop the lighting solution, setting the performance benchmark.

A project requires 80 recessed downlights at $220 list price each with a 40% trade discount. What is the total fixture cost?

Answer: $10,560

$220 × (1 − 0.40) = $132 net; $132 × 80 fixtures = $10,560 total fixture cost.

Which document formally communicates a change in lighting scope and its cost impact during construction?

Answer: Change order

A change order is the formal contract document that records agreed-upon scope changes and adjusts the contract price accordingly.

When estimating lighting energy costs, a consultant calculates watts per square foot. A 5,000 sq ft office lit at 1.0 W/sq ft operated 2,600 hours/year at $0.12/kWh. What is the annual energy cost?

Answer: $1,560

5,000 W × 2,600 hrs = 13,000,000 Wh = 13,000 kWh; 13,000 × $0.12 = $1,560 annual cost.

Which procurement method involves the owner selecting a contractor based on qualifications and then negotiating the contract price?

Answer: Qualifications-based selection

Qualifications-based selection (QBS) chooses the contractor on merit and experience first, with price negotiated afterward.