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Hijama Cupping Theory & History Flashcards

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  1. Which type of cupping uses heat—such as a burning cotton ball briefly inserted into the cup—to create suction before application?

    Answer: Fire cupping

    Fire cupping uses a brief flame inside the cup to consume oxygen, creating a vacuum so the cup adheres to the skin by suction.

  2. In hijama theory, what is the primary purpose of making superficial incisions on the skin before applying the cup for the second time?

    Answer: To allow stagnant or 'toxic' blood and fluids to be drawn out

    The incisions allow the negative pressure of the cup to extract stagnant blood and interstitial fluids believed to carry metabolic waste.

  3. The concept of 'sliding cupping' or 'massage cupping' differs from stationary cupping in that the practitioner:

    Answer: Moves the cup across lubricated skin to cover a broader area

    In sliding cupping, oil is applied to the skin and the practitioner glides the cup along muscle groups to create a broader massage-like effect.

  4. According to hijama theory, which moon phase is traditionally considered optimal for treatment, particularly for preventive sessions?

    Answer: The middle of the lunar month (15th–17th)

    Prophetic traditions and classical hijama texts recommend the 17th, 19th, or 21st of the lunar month when blood is believed to be most active and closer to the skin surface.

  5. In TCM-influenced cupping practice, the color and appearance of the cup mark (ecchymosis) is used diagnostically. A very dark purple mark is generally interpreted as indicating:

    Answer: Significant blood or Qi stagnation in that area

    In TCM theory, dark purple marks suggest pronounced blood stagnation, while lighter pink marks indicate better circulation with less pathology.

  6. Which physiological mechanism is cited in modern research as potentially explaining the analgesic effect of cupping therapy?

    Answer: Release of endorphins and activation of the gate control theory of pain

    Research suggests cupping may trigger endorphin release and stimulate large-diameter nerve fibers, consistent with the gate control theory of pain modulation.

  7. Flash cupping is a technique in which cups are applied and removed rapidly in succession. Its primary traditional purpose is to:

    Answer: Stimulate superficial Qi and Blood flow and treat numbness or paralysis

    Flash cupping is used to invigorate superficial circulation, warm the area, and is particularly indicated for skin numbness or mild paralysis conditions in TCM.