Medical Terminology & Anatomy Flashcards

The medical term 'mucosa' refers to which layer of the intestinal wall?

Answer: The innermost lining that secretes mucus

The mucosa is the innermost layer of the GI tract wall, composed of epithelial cells that absorb nutrients and goblet cells that secrete protective mucus.

Which term describes inflammation of the rectum?

Answer: Proctitis

Proctitis is inflammation of the rectum, derived from 'procto-' (rectum) and '-itis' (inflammation).

In colonic hydrotherapy, understanding 'sphincter' anatomy is critical. The internal anal sphincter is composed of which type of muscle?

Answer: Involuntary smooth muscle

The internal anal sphincter is composed of involuntary smooth muscle, maintained in tonic contraction under autonomic nervous system control.

The medical prefix 'retro-' as in 'retroperitoneal' means:

Answer: Behind or posterior to

The prefix 'retro-' means behind or posterior; retroperitoneal structures (like parts of the colon) lie behind the peritoneal cavity.

What does the term 'defecation reflex' describe in gastrointestinal physiology?

Answer: The coordinated neural reflex that initiates bowel movements in response to rectal filling

The defecation reflex is triggered when the rectum distends with feces, sending signals via the sacral spinal cord to relax the internal anal sphincter and initiate defecation.

The term 'borborygmi' in medical terminology refers to:

Answer: Rumbling sounds produced by gas moving through the intestines

Borborygmi are the audible rumbling or gurgling sounds caused by peristalsis and gas movement through the intestinal tract.

Which anatomical structure connects the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall and carries its blood supply?

Answer: Mesocolon

The mesocolon is a fold of peritoneum that attaches segments of the colon to the posterior abdominal wall and transmits blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.