Problem Solving: Logical Reasoning Flashcards

If all soldiers are trained and Private Chen is a soldier, what must be true?

Answer: Private Chen is trained

This is a valid deductive syllogism: all soldiers are trained, Private Chen is a soldier, therefore Private Chen is trained.

If it rains, the field exercise is cancelled. The exercise was NOT cancelled. What can you conclude?

Answer: It did not rain

This is the contrapositive: if exercise cancelled → rain, so if no cancellation → no rain.

Every officer has completed basic training. Captain Miller has completed basic training. What can you conclude?

Answer: Captain Miller may or may not be an officer

Completing basic training is a necessary condition for being an officer, not a sufficient one — non-officers can also complete it.

Some medics are also pilots. All pilots have completed flight training. What must be true?

Answer: Some medics have completed flight training

The medics who are also pilots must have flight training, so at least some medics have it.

No vehicles in the convoy are older than 5 years. The LAV in the convoy is 3 years old. What can you conclude?

Answer: The LAV satisfies the convoy's age requirement

A 3-year-old LAV is within the convoy's maximum age of 5 years, so it meets the rule.

A recruit advances to the next phase only if they pass BOTH the fitness test AND the written exam. Recruit Torres failed the written exam. What can you conclude?

Answer: Recruit Torres will not advance to the next phase

Both conditions are required; failing either one means Torres cannot advance.

All members of Unit A are assigned to the northern sector. No members assigned to the northern sector have leave this week. What must be true?

Answer: No members of Unit A have leave this week

Unit A ⊆ northern sector, and northern sector ∩ leave = empty, so Unit A ∩ leave = empty.