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CET Hemodynamic Assessment & Measurements Flashcards

6 cards from real CET practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What does global longitudinal strain (GLS) measure in echocardiography?

    Answer: The percentage shortening of the myocardium from base to apex during systole

    GLS quantifies the percentage longitudinal deformation (shortening) of the LV myocardium from base to apex during systole; normal is typically more negative than -20%.

  2. The proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method is primarily used to quantify which echocardiographic measurement?

    Answer: Regurgitant orifice area and regurgitant volume of valvular lesions

    PISA is used to calculate the effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) and regurgitant volume for mitral, aortic, and tricuspid regurgitation.

  3. Which echocardiographic parameter is most sensitive for detecting subclinical LV dysfunction in chemotherapy patients?

    Answer: Global longitudinal strain (GLS)

    GLS is more sensitive than LVEF for detecting early subclinical cardiotoxicity, with a relative reduction of >15% from baseline being clinically significant before LVEF falls.

  4. When measuring aortic valve area by planimetry on 3D echo or CT, at which anatomic level should the measurement be made?

    Answer: At the leaflet tips at maximal systolic opening

    Aortic valve area planimetry should be traced at the leaflet tips at maximal systolic opening to measure the functional orifice area accurately.

  5. A patient has a peak LVOT velocity of 1.2 m/s and peak aortic valve velocity of 4.5 m/s. Using the modified Bernoulli equation (accounting for proximal velocity), what is the peak gradient?

    Answer: 75 mmHg

    ΔP = 4(V2² - V1²) = 4(4.5² - 1.2²) = 4(20.25 - 1.44) = 4(18.81) = 75.24 mmHg ≈ 75 mmHg.

  6. What is the clinical significance of measuring the dimensionless index (DI) in aortic stenosis assessment?

    Answer: It identifies severe AS when <0.25 without requiring LVOT area measurement

    The dimensionless index (LVOT VTI / AV VTI) <0.25 suggests severe AS and is particularly useful when LVOT diameter measurement is uncertain, as it does not require area calculation.