CET Hemodynamic Assessment & Measurements Flashcards

Which Doppler measurement is used to assess right ventricular dP/dt?

Answer: Rate of rise of the tricuspid regurgitation CW Doppler signal between 1 and 3 m/s

RV dP/dt is estimated from the TR CW Doppler signal by measuring the time for TR velocity to rise from 1 to 3 m/s, analogous to the LV dP/dt method using MR.

What does a TAPSE (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion) value of <17mm indicate?

Answer: Mildly reduced right ventricular systolic function

TAPSE <17mm indicates abnormal (reduced) right ventricular systolic function per ASE guidelines, with values 10–16mm suggesting moderate dysfunction.

The inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and its respiratory variation are used to estimate which hemodynamic parameter?

Answer: Right atrial pressure

IVC diameter and collapsibility index are used to estimate mean right atrial pressure; a dilated IVC (>2.1cm) with <50% collapse suggests RAP ≥10–15 mmHg.

Which Doppler parameter is used to assess left ventricular relaxation in diastolic dysfunction grading?

Answer: Septal and lateral mitral annular e' velocities

Mitral annular e' velocities (septal <7 cm/s, lateral <10 cm/s) measured by tissue Doppler imaging reflect myocardial relaxation and are central to diastolic dysfunction grading.

What is the significance of a mitral valve deceleration time (DT) of less than 150ms?

Answer: Restrictive filling pattern suggesting elevated LV filling pressures

A mitral deceleration time <150ms indicates a restrictive filling pattern (grade III diastolic dysfunction) associated with markedly elevated LV filling pressures.

Which formula correctly calculates cardiac output (CO) using echocardiographic measurements?

Answer: CO = LVOT CSA × LVOT VTI × heart rate

Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate = (LVOT CSA × LVOT VTI) × heart rate, measured using pulsed-wave Doppler at the LVOT.